The scheme covers assessment by EAS for certification of various management system/s in accordance with the International Standards viz. ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, ISO 22000 and ISO/IEC 27001. Certificates are issued as per the following accreditations / certification schemes. What can ISO 14001 Certification do for my business now? What is the process to get my business certified to the ISO 14001? We have a simple six step process which takes you from where you are today to confidently running an ISO 14001 certified environmental management system that feels like it’s always been part of your business in under.

To assist you with understanding the ISO certification process we put together the above flow chart with an overview of what to expect when going through certification. If you require any assistance with certification, CC-Connect is a free help-desk service. 5.5.6.2 This standard is compatible with other management system especially ISO 14001 (Environmental Management System) and ISO 9001 (Quality Management System).ISO 50001 is based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) ycle and it integrates to work both the technical and managerial activities Certification. ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) is a systematic framework to manage the immediate and long term environmental impacts of an organisation’s products, services and processes. By completing ISO 14001 certification your organisation can assure stakeholders that your environmental management system meets international industry specific environmental. Using ISO can provide assurance to company management and employees as well as external stakeholders that environmental impact is being measured and improved. Learn more about the benefits of ISO. There are more than 300,000 certifications to ISO 14001 in 171 countries around the world.

Implementing an EMS, or any of the ISO 14000 standards used to be a confusing and intimidating process.

What’s more, in the past, companies that wanted to conform to and implement standards for environmental and quality management systems would be faced with the task of building out huge, complex manuals, with lengthy processes for changing how each task and procedure in the business was approached.

The result of this kind of EMS implementation would often be a huge, labyrinthine system of paper forms; slow to implement, difficult to navigate, and a nightmare update in tandem with real, changing business needs.

However, things changed with the recent ISO 2015 updates.

Now, it’s possible to take an Agile ISO approach. That means more flexibility, and the ability to use BPM software to save you time, money, and headaches.

In this article, I’ll present you with five custom made templates custom-built to help you with implementing an environmental management system in line with ISO 14001.

Here are the templates, if you just want to dive right in:

Before showcasing each of the templates, it’s worth touching on some important concepts relating to the ISO 14000 family, and sustainable development in general.

Quick introduction to ISO 14001

ISO 14001 is the most popular of the 14000 family, and sets out the requirements for an effective environmental management system (EMS).

In this way, it is in parallel to the ISO 9001 standard for defining the requirements of a quality management system (QMS); the difference is ISO 14001 focuses on principles of environmental management and sustainable development, instead of quality management.

What is environmental management?

Simply put, environmental management refers to the principle of environmentally aware action an organization chooses to take to minimize negative environmental impact and in favor of an initiative of sustainable development.

[Environmental management is] “part of the management system used to manage environmental aspects, fulfill compliance obligations, and address risks and opportunities.” – International Organization of Standardization (ISO)

ISO 14001 for environmental management, as with any of the recent ISO management systems, can be broken down into ten distinct clauses, as per Annex SL:

1. Scope
2. Normative references
3. Terms and definitions
4. Context of the organization
5. Leadership
6. Planning
7. Support
8. Operation
9. Performance evaluation
10. Improvement

This is the same structure that ISO 9000 family quality management systems now follow, as well as other management system standards recently defined by ISO.

These clauses are further categorized by the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle, which is a methodology of continuous improvement.

An environmental management system, or EMS, can offer the following benefits:

• Fewer environmental incidents
• Improved reputation
• Advantage to marketing and public image
• Often a fundamental requirement for government tenders
• Improved regulatory performance
• Lower risk of non-compliance fines
• Employee motivation
• Waste reduction (both raw materials and cost)
• Attracts more stakeholders (customers, investors, shareholders)
• Increased profits from lower costs

That said, let’s take a look at some templates you can use to help you implement an environmental management system in your business.

They’re all ready to use out-of-the-box, but if you need to change anything to suit your own needs, then editing the templates is quick and easy, too.

ISO 14001 EMS Structure Template

This template was custom built to help you design and implement standard operating procedures for an environmental management system based on the ISO 14001 standard.

You will be guided with precise instructions for building out each section of ISO 14001, and at the end you’ll have the option to export the finished report as a PDF or word document.

Click here to get the ISO 14001 EMS Structure Template.

ISO 14001 EMS Mini-Manual Procedures

Here we have a fully filled-out example of the Structure Template above, using a fictional manufacturing company.

By looking at this template, you’ll be able to better understand how to approach building your own environmental management system, based on ISO 14001.

Click here to get the ISO 14001 EMS Mini-Manual Procedures template.

ISO 14001 Environmental Management Self-Audit Checklist

ISO 14001 certification involves:

• Implementing an environmental management system based on the ISO 14001 requirements
• Hiring a certified body or lead auditor to audit and approve your EMS based on the ISO 14001 standards

However, performing informal self-audits can help you prepare for the real thing. In fact, a good process for an internal self-assessment is a key step in preparation for becoming ISO 14001 certified.

Similar in scope to the ISO 9004 Self-Audit Checklist for Quality Management Systems, this checklist is designed for companies wanting to perform a self-audits to ensure compliance with ISO 14001 standards for their EMS.

If you have performed an ISO 9000 family internal audit for your quality management system, you will be able to transfer a lot of what you learned from that experience into the EMS self-audit.

In any case, this checklist will help guide you through the process.

Click here to get the ISO 14001 Environmental Management Self-Audit Checklist.

ISO 14001:2004 to ISO 14001:2015 EMS Transition Checklist

Companies wanting to update their ISO 14001 environmental management systems to the new 2015 standards will do well to run through this checklist.

As you might expect, there’s a lot of overlap between 2004 and 2015 revisions; the bulk of the changes come from the way in which these kinds of management systems are structured.

With the new 2015 updates, the structure of management systems themselves has been standardized, meaning it’s possible to use software like Process Street to actually implement them, as long as they hit all of the requirements.

Click here to get the ISO 14001:2004 to ISO 14001:2015 EMS Transition Checklist.

ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 Integrated Management System (IMS) Checklist

Already running a quality management system, and want to implement an EMS? Or perhaps it’s the other way around, and you’re looking to integrate the principles of a QMS alongside an existing environmental management system.

Either way, this checklist will help you get the job done, and you’ll have an integrated management system up and running in no time.

As I mentioned above, the 2015 updates make integrating various kinds of management systems far more simple and streamlined, because they now all share a similar structure of 10 base clauses, each clause falling into one of the four stages of the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle.

Click here to get the ISO 14001 EMS / ISO 9001 QMS Integration Checklist.

ISO has never been easier

As I mentioned earlier, since the 2015 ISO updates, it’s never been easier to implement ISO standards in your business.

Now, you can utilize software to streamline standard operating procedures and build out quality and environmental management systems in support of various ISO standards.

The most recently updated ISO standards, for example, allow organizations to decide for themselves how extensively they need to document their efforts towards achieving certain business goals.

“This enables each individual organization to determine the correct amount of documented information needed to demonstrate the effective planning, operation and control of its processes and the implementation and continual improvement of the effectiveness of its QMS.” – From the ISO/TC 176

This also means organizations can focus on making sure that the implementation of these standards, stays in line with their existing business goals, rather than obstructing or diverting them.

For example, under Agile ISO, using ISO 14001 for setting up an environmental management system would be more of a set of integrated practices in service to specific business goals, as opposed to a huge, disconnected pile of paper forms.

Using Process Street for ISO 14001

Since the 2015 ISO updates, it’s never been easier to implement ISO. We’ve covered the concept of Agile ISO in other posts; by taking this approach, you’ll save yourself a great deal of work by streamlining the whole process with a BPM software tool to keep your SOPs clearly organized and documented.

Process Street is a great solution for managing your standard operating procedures and building out an environmental management system to the requirements of ISO 14001.

At Process Street, it’s our mission to make recurring tasks fun, fast, and faultless for teams everywhere.

Check out this video for a quick rundown on how to get started with Process Street:

More ISO resources

If you’re trying to implement ISO standards in your business, we have a bunch of content to make your life easier.

Check out some of these articles we’ve written on ISO and standard operating procedures:

We also have a range of free, ready-made ISO templates to give you a running start. Just create your free Process Street account and take your pick:

Is there a particular ISO template you’re looking for? Let us know in the comments, we’d love to hear from you!

ISO 14000 is a family of standards related to environmental management that exists to help organizations (a) minimize how their operations (processes, etc.) negatively affect the environment (i.e. cause adverse changes to air, water, or land); (b) comply with applicable laws, regulations, and other environmentally oriented requirements; and (c) continually improve in the above.^[1]

ISO 14000 is similar to ISO 9000quality management in that both pertain to the process of how a product is produced, rather than to the product itself. As with ISO 9001, certification is performed by third-party organizations rather than being awarded by ISO directly. The ISO 19011 and ISO 17021 audit standards apply when audits are being performed.

The requirements of ISO 14001 are an integral part of the European Union's Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). EMAS's structure and material are more demanding, mainly concerning performance improvement, legal compliance, and reporting duties.^[2] The current version of ISO 14001 is ISO 14001:2015, which was published in September 2015.^[3]

• 3ISO 14001 standard
  • 3.2Basic principles and methodology
• 4ISO 14001 and EMAS

Brief history of environmental management systems[edit]

In March 1992, BSI Group published the world's first environmental management systems standard, BS 7750, as part of a response to growing concerns about protecting the environment.^[4] Prior to this, environmental management had been part of larger systems such as Responsible Care. BS 7750 supplied the template for the development of the ISO 14000 series in 1996, which has representation from ISO committees all over the world.^[5][6] As of 2017, more than 300,000 certifications to ISO 14001 can be found in 171 countries.^[7]

Prior to the development of the ISO 14000 series, organizations voluntarily constructed their own EMSs, but this made comparisons of environmental effects between companies difficult; therefore, the universal ISO 14000 series was developed. An EMS is defined by ISO as: 'part of the overall management system, that includes organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes, and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, and maintaining the environmental policy.'^[8]

Development of the ISO 14000 series[edit]

The ISO 14000 family includes most notably the ISO 14001 standard, which represents the core set of standards used by organizations for designing and implementing an effective environmental management system (EMS). Other standards in this series include ISO 14004, which gives additional guidelines for a good EMS, and more specialized standards dealing with specific aspects of environmental management. The major objective of the ISO 14000 series of norms is to provide 'practical tools for companies and organizations of all kinds looking to manage their environmental responsibilities.'^[7]

The ISO 14000 series is based on a voluntary approach to environmental regulation.^[9] The series includes the ISO 14001 standard, which provides guidelines for the establishment or improvement of an EMS. The standard shares many common traits with its predecessor, ISO 9000, the international standard of quality management^[10], which served as a model for its internal structure^[8], and both can be implemented side by side. As with ISO 9000, ISO 14000 acts both as an internal management tool and as a way of demonstrating a company’s environmental commitment to its customers and clients.^[11]

ISO 14001 standard[edit]

ISO 14001 defines criteria for an EMS. It does not state requirements for environmental performance but rather maps out a framework that a company or organization can follow to set up an effective EMS. It can be used by any organization that wants to improve resource efficiency, reduce waste, and reduce costs. Using ISO 14001 can provide assurance to company management and employees as well as external stakeholders that environmental impact is being measured and improved.^[7] ISO 14001 can also be integrated with other management functions and assists companies in meeting their environmental and economic goals.

ISO 14001, like other ISO 14000 standards, is voluntary^[12], with its main aim to assist companies in continually improving their environmental performance and complying with any applicable legislation. The organization sets its own targets and performance measures, and the standard highlights what an organization needs to do to meet those goals, and to monitor and measure the situation.^[12] The standard does not focus on measures and goals of environmental performance, but of the organization. The standard can be applied to a variety of levels in the business, from the organizational level down to the product and service level.

Iso 14001 Certification Process

ISO 14001 is known as a generic management system standard, meaning that it is relevant to any organization seeking to improve and manage resources more effectively. This includes:

• single-site to large multi-national companies
• high-risk companies to low-risk service organizations
• the manufacturing, process, and service industries, including local governments
• all industry sectors, including public and private sectors
• original equipment manufacturers and their suppliers

ISO 14001:2015[edit]

All standards are periodically reviewed by ISO to ensure they still meet market requirements. The current version is ISO 14001:2015, and certified organizations were given a three-year transition period to adapt their environmental management system to the new edition of the standard. The new version of ISO 14001 focuses on the improvement of environmental performance rather than the improvement of the management system itself.^[13] It also includes several new updates all aimed at making environmental management more comprehensive and relevant to the supply chain. One of the main updates asks organizations to consider environmental impact during the entire life cycle, although there is no requirement to actually complete a life cycle analysis. Additionally, the commitments of top management and the methods of evaluating compliance have also been strengthened. Another significant change linked ISO 14001 to the general management system structure, introduced in 2015, called the High Level Structure. Both ISO 9001 and 14001 use this same structure, making implementation and auditing more uniform. The new standard also requires the holder of the certificate to specify risks and opportunities and how to address them.

Basic principles and methodology[edit]

The basic principles of ISO 14001 are based on the well-known Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle.

Plan: Establish objectives and processes required[edit]

Prior to implementing ISO 14001, an initial review or gap analysis of the organization's processes and products is recommended, to assist in identifying all elements of the current operation and, if possible, future operations, that may interact with the environment, termed 'environmental aspects.'^[14] Environmental aspects can include both direct, such as those used during manufacturing, and indirect, such as raw materials. This review assists the organization in establishing their environmental objectives, goals, and targets (which should ideally be measurable); helps with the development of control and management procedures and processes; and serves to highlight any relevant legal requirement, which can then be built into the policy.^[14]

Do: Implement the processes[edit]

During this stage, the organization identifies the resources required and works out those members of the organization responsible for the EMS' implementation and control.^[14] This includes establishing procedures and processes, although only one documented procedure is specifically related to operational control. Other procedures are required to foster better management control over elements such as documentation control, emergency preparedness and response, and the education of employees, to ensure that they can competently implement the necessary processes and record results. Communication and participation across all levels of the organization, especially top management, is a vital part of the implementation phase, with the effectiveness of the EMS being dependent on active involvement from all employees.^[14]

Check: Measure and monitor the processes and report results[edit]

During the 'check' stage, performance is monitored and periodically measured to ensure that the organization's environmental targets and objectives are being met. In addition, internal audits are conducted at planned intervals to ascertain whether the EMS meets the user's expectations and whether the processes and procedures are being adequately maintained and monitored.^[14]

Act: Take action to improve performance of EMS based on results[edit]

After the checking stage, a management review is conducted to ensure that the objectives of the EMS are being met, the extent to which they are being met, and that communications are being appropriately managed. Additionally, the review evaluates changing circumstances, such as legal requirements, in order to make recommendations for further improvement of the system. These recommendations are incorporated through continual improvement: plans are renewed or new plans are made, and the EMS moves forward.^[14]

Iso 14000 Certification Environmental

Continual Improvement Process (CI)[edit]

ISO 14001 encourages a company to continually improve its environmental performance. Apart from the obvious – the reduction in actual and possible negative environmental impacts – this is achieved in three ways^[15]:

• Expansion: Business areas increasingly get covered by the implemented EMS.
• Enrichment: Activities, products, processes, emissions, resources, etc. increasingly get managed by the implemented EMS.
• Upgrading: The structural and organizational framework of the EMS, as well as an accumulation of knowledge in dealing with business-environmental issues, is improved.

Overall, the CI concept expects the organization to gradually move away from merely operational environmental measures towards a more strategic approach on how to deal with environmental challenges.

Benefits[edit]

ISO 14001 was developed primarily to assist companies with a framework for better management control, which can result in reducing their environmental impacts. In addition to improvements in performance, organizations can reap a number of economic benefits, including higher conformance with legislative and regulatory requirements^[16] by adopting the ISO standard. By minimizing the risk of regulatory and environmental liability fines and improving an organization’s efficiency^[17], benefits can include a reduction in waste, consumption of resources, and operating costs. Secondly, as an internationally recognized standard, businesses operating in multiple locations across the globe can leverage their conformance to ISO 14001, eliminating the need for multiple registrations or certifications.^[18] Thirdly, there has been a push in the last decade by consumers for companies to adopt better internal controls, making the incorporation of ISO 14001 a smart approach for the long-term viability of businesses. This can provide them with a competitive advantage against companies that do not adopt the standard (Potoki & Prakash, 2005). This in turn can have a positive impact on a company's asset value (Van der Deldt, 1997). It can lead to improved public perceptions of the business, placing them in a better position to operate in the international marketplace.^[19][16] The use of ISO 14001 can demonstrate an innovative and forward-thinking approach to customers and prospective employees. It can increase a business’s access to new customers and business partners. In some markets it can potentially reduce public liability insurance costs. It can also serve to reduce trade barriers between registered businesses.^[20] There is growing interest in including certification to ISO 14001 in tenders for public-private partnerships for infrastructure renewal. Evidence of value in terms of environmental quality and benefit to the taxpayer has been shown in highway projects in Canada.^{[citation needed]}

Iso 14001 Certification Process Ppt

Conformity assessment[edit]

ISO 14001 can be used in whole or in part to help an organization (for-profit or not-for-profit) better manage its relationship with the environment. If all the elements of ISO 14001 are incorporated into the management process, the organization may opt to prove that it has achieved full alignment or conformity with the international standard, ISO 14001, by using one of four recognized options. These are^[14]:

1. make a self-determination and self-declaration, or
2. seek confirmation of its conformance by parties having an interest in the organization, such as customers, or
3. seek confirmation of its self-declaration by a party external to the organization, or
4. seek certification/registration of its EMS by an external organization.

ISO does not control conformity assessment; its mandate is to develop and maintain standards. ISO has a neutral policy on conformity assessment in so much that one option is not better than the next. Each option serves different market needs. The adopting organization decides which option is best for them, in conjunction with their market needs.

Option one is sometimes incorrectly referred to as 'self-certify' or 'self-certification'. This is not an acceptable reference under ISO terms and definitions, for it can lead to confusion in the market.^[14] The user is responsible for making their own determination.

Option two is often referred to as a customer or 2nd-party audit, which is an acceptable market term.

Option three is an independent third-party process by an organization that is based on an engagement activity and delivered by specially trained practitioners. This option was based on an accounting procedure branded as the EnviroReady Report, which was created to help small- and medium-sized organizations. Its development was originally based on the Canadian Handbook for Accountants; it is now based on an international accounting standard.

The fourth option, certification, is another independent third-party process, which has been widely implemented by all types of organizations. Certification is also known in some countries as registration. Service providers of certification or registration are accredited by national accreditation services such as UKAS in the UK.

ISO 14001 and EMAS[edit]

In 2010, the latest EMAS Regulation (EMAS III) entered into force; the scheme is now globally applicable, and includes key performance indicators and a range of further improvements. As of April 2017, more than 3,900 organizations and approximately 9,200 sites are EMAS registered.^[21]

Complementarities and differences[edit]

ISO 14001's EMS requirements are similar to those of EMAS. Additional requirements for EMAS include^[2]:

• stricter requirements on the measurement and evaluation of environmental performance against objectives and targets
• government supervision of the environmental verifiers
• strong employee involvement; EMAS organizations acknowledge that active employee involvement is a driving force and a prerequisite for continuous and successful environmental improvements.
• environmental core indicators creating multi-annual comparability within and between organizations
• mandatory provision of information to the general public
• registration by a public authority

ISO 14001 use in supply chains[edit]

There are many reasons that ISO 14001 should be potentially attractive to supply chain managers, including the use of the voluntary standard to guide the development of integrated systems, its requirement for supply chain members in industries such as automotive and aerospace, the potential of pollution prevention leading to reduced costs of production and higher profits, its alignment with the growing importance of corporate social responsibility, and the possibility that an ISO-registered system may provide firms with a unique environmental resource, capabilities, and benefits that lead to competitive advantage.

Research on the supply chain impact of ISO 14001 registration posited that potential positive impacts might include more proactive environmental management, higher levels of communication, higher levels of waste reduction and cost efficiency, better ROI, higher levels of customer relationship management, fewer issues with employee health, and a reduced number of safety incidents. This research concluded that ISO 14001 registration can be leveraged across the supply chain for competitive advantage.^[22]

List of ISO 14000 series standards[edit]

• ISO 14001 Environmental management systems - Requirements with guidance for use
• ISO 14004 Environmental management systems - General guidelines on implementation
• ISO 14006 Environmental management systems - Guidelines for incorporating ecodesign
• ISO 14015 Environmental management - Environmental assessment of sites and organizations (EASO)
• ISO 14020 to 14025 Environmental labels and declarations
• ISO/NP 14030 Green bonds -- Environmental performance of nominated projects and assets; discusses post-production environmental assessment
• ISO 14031 Environmental management - Environmental performance evaluation - Guidelines
• ISO 14040 to 14049 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment; discusses pre-production planning and environment goal setting
• ISO 14050 Environmental management - Vocabulary; terms and definitions
• ISO/TR 14062 Environmental management - Integrating environmental aspects into product design and development
• ISO 14063 Environmental management - Environmental communication - Guidelines and examples
• ISO 14064 Greenhouse gases; measuring, quantifying, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions

See also[edit]

External links[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^'ISO 14000 family - Environmental management'. www.iso.org. ISO. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
2. ^ ^ab'From ISO 14001 to EMAS: Mind the gap'(PDF). Office of the German EMAS Advisory Board. August 2014. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
3. ^Naden, C. (15 September 2015). 'The newly revised ISO 14001 is here'. International Organization for Standardization. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
4. ^Smith, C. (1993). 'BS 7750 and environmental management'. Coloration Technology. 109 (9): 278–279. doi:10.1111/j.1478-4408.1993.tb01574.x.
5. ^Clements, R.B. (1996-01-01). Complete Guide to ISO 14000. Prentice Hall. p. 316. ISBN9780132429757.
6. ^Brorson, T. (1999). Environmental Management: How to Implement an Environmental Management System Within a Company Or Other Organisation. EMS AB. p. 300. ISBN9789163076619.
7. ^ ^abc'ISO 14000 family - Environmental management'. International Organization for Standardization. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
8. ^ ^abNational Research Council (1999). Environmental Management Systems and ISO 14001 Federal Facilities Council Report No. 138. National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/6481. ISBN9780309184342.
9. ^Szymanski, M.; Tiwari, P. (2004). 'ISO 14001 and the Reduction of Toxic Emissions'. The Journal of Policy Reform. 7 (1): 31–42. doi:10.1080/1384128042000219717.
10. ^Jackson, S.L. (1997). 'Monitoring and measurement systems for implementing ISO 14001'. Environmental Quality Management. 6 (3): 33–41. doi:10.1002/tqem.3310060306.
11. ^Boiral, O. (2007). 'Corporate Greening Through ISO 14001: A Rational Myth?'. Organization Science. 18 (1): 127–46. doi:10.1287/orsc.1060.0224.
12. ^ ^ab'ISO 14001'. International Institute for Sustainable Development. 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
13. ^'ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems - Revision'. International Organization for Standardization. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
14. ^ ^abcdefghMartin, R. (10 March 1998). 'ISO 14001 Guidance Manual'(PDF). National Center for Environmental Decision-Making Research. Archived from the original(PDF) on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
15. ^Gastl, R. (2009). Kontinuierliche Verbesserung im Umweltmanagement: Die KVP-Forderung der ISO 14001 in Theorie und Unternehmenspraxis. vdf Hochschulverlag AG. p. 336. doi:10.3218/3231-4. ISBN9783728132314.
16. ^ ^abSheldon, C. (1997). ISO 14001 and Beyond: Environmental Management Systems in the Real World. Greenleaf Publishing. p. 410. ISBN9781874719014.
17. ^Delmas, M. (2004). 'Erratum to 'Stakeholders and Competitive Advantage: The Case of ISO 14001''. Production and Operations Management. 13 (4): 398. doi:10.1111/j.1937-5956.2004.tb00226.x.
18. ^Hutchens Jr., S. 'Using ISO 9001 or ISO 14001 to Gain a Competitive Advantage'. Intertek. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
19. ^Potoski, M.; Prakash, A. (2005). 'Green Clubs and Voluntary Governance: ISO 14001 and Firms' Regulatory Compliance'. American Journal of Political Science. 49 (2): 235–248. CiteSeerX10.1.1.459.2962. doi:10.1111/j.0092-5853.2005.00120.x.
20. ^Van der Veldt, D. (1997). 'Case studies of ISO 14001: A new business guide for global environmental protection'. Environmental Quality Management. 7 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1002/tqem.3310070102.
21. ^'Statistics & graphs'. European Commission. April 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
22. ^Curkovic, S.; Sroufe, R. (2011). 'Using ISO 14001 to promote a sustainable supply chain strategy'. Business Strategy and the Environment. 20 (2): 71–93. doi:10.1002/bse.671.